A Word Wall For Scientific Vocabulary - 1541 Words

Science Class: A word wall for scientific vocabulary can be created for courses like Chemistry, Physical Science, Earth Science, and Physics core classes. For example, in chemistry a word wall for physical changes, chemical change, and periodic table vocabulary can be constructed by the students. For Physics, words like speed, velocity, kinetic energy, and potential energy can be posted on the wall for a lesson on forces and motion to help facilitate the acquisition of academic terminology for ELL learners in the field of science. Also concepts that are opposite to each other like strong/weak, long/short. Hot/cold, soft/hard, ect. allows students to develop critical thinking skills required for comparing and contract analysis.†¦show more content†¦History Class: Pictures or actual replicas can fortify a timeline for a given period of history. For example, scrutinize a photograph or an actual items from a specific place or time will bring meaning to the ELL learner. I f a video or movie rendition is presented and then a snap shot from the video is affixed to the timeline then the students is to make multiple visual relationship between the video, the picture, and the time in history. English Class: A slideshow or power point presentation can create a visual representation for teaching about similarities and differences between adjectives used to describe people. Or showing pictures of characters in a novel will help the students put an image to a written discretion that may not have been able to create with word only. This can also be used for other aspect within a novel like a setting, plot, themes, and symbols to meet the language objectives and the core content objectives. Small Group Discussion English Class: In a small groups setting, students will be given a stack of text card which have true or false statements on them or I agree/disagree statements. As a group they need to decide if the state if true or they agree with the statement or false or they disagree with the statement. This decision must be supported by evidence or explained and by unanimous otherwise the card will be in theShow MoreRelatedThe Core Content Areas Allows English Language Learners Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pageslanguage learners the opportunity to process the learning objectives presented by the teacher. There are a variety of approaches to teach the English languages while also teaching content material. These strategies include incorporating modifying vocabulary, graphic organizers, cooperative learning, graphic organizer, and modify test and assignments to meet the needs of the English Language Learners (Haynes, n.d., para. 1). The aforementioned strategies can be combined or utilized sep arately in contentRead MoreIs The Bible The Word Of God?904 Words   |  4 PagesIs the Bible the Word of God? 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Bilingualism is now the global norm compared to monolingualism. Languages areRead More The Vocabulary1641 Words   |  7 PagesAs far as humans know, we all think in words. Over the millennia, the complexity of human thought was expanded through the acquisition of language, and groups of words were created which the English language called â€Å"vocabularies†. In conjunction with the randomness of thought, words were used to provide labels or act as symbols for the tangible or emotional concepts humans truly wanted to express. When asked by King Henry why he put labels onto everything to justify his feelings, Thomas Becket repliesRead MoreThe First Day Of My Observation1393 Words   |  6 Pagesbeside their names (labeled on the closet doorway) for special jobs also on the same wall are a list of the student’s birthday. In the front of the room, classroom rules are posted along beside a behavioral chart. Along the top of the wall are the alphabets and number lines. I n the back of the room, there are bulletin boards decorated with words, parts of speech (nouns, verbs, adverbs, pronouns, etc.), scientific method, and punctuation marks. From the ceiling, there hung (from a string) cue cardsRead More The Definition of Cyberpunk Essay1966 Words   |  8 Pagesclub that at first appears normal, but then transforms itself thanks to technology is the walls. They react to the music with color streaking wavelengthing in oscilloscope patterns, shades of blue-white for high-end, red and purple for bass and percussion (Shirley 146). What makes this example obvious is that todays walls are expected to be just walls with no redeeming qualities. In the Semiconductor, the walls are a piece of everyday life enhanced and integrated with technology; an everyday objectRead MoreClassroom And The Classroom Environment1590 Words   |  7 Pagesclassroom there. They have of classroom of 19 kids enrolled in this class. The classroom environment was secure and safe and the children seemed to be happy to come to school. The classroom was bright and had the children’s pictures hanging up the word wall had the letters and numbers and they bulletin boards had the children’s homework up on the board which was bees out of the letter B and they had lambs from the children’s hand on the grass. The room was set up with the quiet centers with the quietRead MoreBreaking Routines in Writing Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesI used the same format I had been taught in seventh grade, and I adhered to it. I used the basic rules of grammar I had learned-never realizing that grammar was evolving nor realizing the purpose of what I was doing. I wrote using words that I recalled from vocabulary lists. And, I never dared be creative. My writing was dull, dry, and as uninteresting to read as it had been to compose. So there it was; I hated writing. A freshman at 23 years old, I was required to take the traditional EnglishRead MoreEtymological Survey of the English Word3269 Words   |  14 PagesScandinavian and Norman French borrowings.   1.4 The Renaissance Period 2. Etymology. The English word-stock 2.1 The most characteristic features, of English word-stock 2.2 Words of Native Origin 2.3 Criteria of borrowings in English Conclusion Sources Introduction It is true that English vocabulary, which is one of the most extensive among the worlds languages contains an immense number of words of foreign origin. Explanations for this should be sought in the history of the languageRead MoreI Enjoyed Your Creative Topic Choice1849 Words   |  8 Pagesmore understandable and/or engaging to read? The vocabulary and the overall presentation takes after an adventure novel by including multiple comparisons of practically every process to a war battleground. The comparisons were clever and very effective at communicating complex material in a condensed and efficient manner. Moreover, the vocabulary included is widely varied and very appropriately selected to appeal to the general public. The careful word choice helps give the article a polished and refined

A Long Way Gone Ishmael Free Essays

Ishmael Beah was 12 years old when the opposing army, The Rebels, attacked his small town, Sierra Loene. Ishmael fled leaving everything important to him behind. His family, home, and possessions were all gone. We will write a custom essay sample on A Long Way Gone: Ishmael or any similar topic only for you Order Now With only his brother and nine friends, he ran away. For two years they stayed away from the rebels walking from town to town looking for their lost families. Ishmael lost 8 of his friends and eventually his brother along the way. With only Alhaji left they were found by the army and made to fight or be killed. They used their rap and hip-hop skills to remain popular between missions. To these two gentle-hearted boys killing became a way of life. At the age of sixteen Ishmael and Alhaji were chosen to be removed from the fighting by UNICEF. Upon arriving at the rehabilitation center two boys were killed with hidden knives and guns because they were rebels. The others didn’t care that they too, were forced to fight. This didn’t come as a surprise to the workers; the kids had been doing it for most of their lives. Ishmael entered therapy with kind young women named, Esther. After many months of vigorous therapy Ishmael opened up and finally accepted his new life. With the help of Esther and many other individuals, Ishmael found an uncle of whom his father rarely spoke about and went to live with him and his family. He was enjoying meeting his long lost relatives when he was invited to go to a conference in San Francisco for kids who survived terrifying things and wanted to educate others about it. He was chosen out of millions of kids to speak about child soldiers. He immediately agreed at sent his forms away to the conference officials telling them he was coming. He had problems getting a passport but that was quickly taken care of by the workers from his old rehabilitation center in an effort to help him. He attended the conference and met a kind, rich, woman who helped him and a few friends he met adjust to the city and the constant action that they weren’t used to. When he got back from San Francisco he was shocked to realize that the rebels had taken over the city. Terrified that he would be recognized and killed or that he would have to fight once again Ishmael looked for a way out of the city. He found one and risked being one of the many shot just for being on the street. Ishmael contacted the woman he had met at the conference and she agreed to let him live with her until he could find a way to make money. Ishmael was one of the lucky people who got out of the war, some kids weren’t as fortunate. A Long Way Gone is a true story about a real boy. It’s horrifying that kids as young as nine are being forced into a war they want no part of in order to survive. How to cite A Long Way Gone: Ishmael, Essay examples

Significant of Positive Accounting Research Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Positive Research Accouting. Answer: Introduction This report contains all the details regarding article of positive research accounting. With the help of this article, writers, researchers and other viewers could easily evaluate the merits and demerits of positive accounting research. There are several fact, several theories and accounting concepts has been used to reflect the human behavior and their tendency to make decisions. In addition to this, there are several models and theories have been implementation of positive research accounting which is used by accountant for summarizing, classifying and recording of financial transactions. There are several theories and models such as hypothetical test and human decision making model have been used to provide standards outcomes for mitigating accounting and auditing problems. The main focus has been made on ontology and epistemology of positive accounting which is taken into consideration for assessing human behavior and their reciprocal behavior tendency. They key concept of this a rticle is to provide a clear understanding on the positive accounting research and its key factors such as human decision making, errors an mistakes and other conceptual framework. There are several set format and theories which establish cause and effect relation of humans and auditing functions. The structure of this report is consisted with several parts. It would start with research questions which will provide core of this whole report, Then after, a significant study has been prepared for summarization and classification of all the theories and models of positive accounting research (Brown, Preiato, and Tarca, 2014). Summary of article This article of positive account research has been prepared on the basis of human behavior and their behavior to eliminate possible problems and hurdles in accounting issues and reporting. There are several conflicts and accounting issues which have been faced by auditors and accountant. These different viewpoints and assumptions have aroused due to different human behavior of accountant and auditors in their accounting frameworks. There are several casual theory and comprehensive viewpoints which divulges that every accountant and auditors have different viewpoints and perception in preparing and reporting of financial statement. Positive ontology and epistemology have also been described in the mid of this article which depicts that human behavior and different cause and effect relation. It is observed that it is the major reasons which result into variation in human behavior, decisions and assumptions. All the data collected in this article is from qualitative research process on positive research accounting which is used to provide preliminary interpretation on positive accounting research and human decision. In addition to this, the main emphasis has been made on the various remarks and models which have been used by accountant and auditors for recording and classifying of financial information. After that article has reflected the Hypothetical test which is used to provide assumptions and justification for the qualitative data in positive accounting research. (Ahmed, Neel and Wang, 2013). There are several facts such as reciprocal behavior, Self interest theory and Positive ontology and epistemology which have been used to make effective interpretation of the qualitative data. For instance, reciprocal behavior provides how cause and effect relation exist in the accounting works of organizations. Self interest theory also suggests that if a person is doing work in the organizations then he would be more concerned about his own interest than interest of org anization. After that behavior of free will has also been discussed which provides that if accountants are not put under the control then they would follows different theories and models as per their choices? Gradually, it may result into contradiction in human behavior. As at the time of auditing of financial statement, auditors would find themselves hard to understand the concepts and theories which were taken by accountant to prepare financial statement of organizations. The self interest theory is also useful to determine the different perceptions and values and decision making criteria of two or more people in accounting works (Celestine and Maher, 2014). This article also provides that how accountant and auditors vary with their judgments when they are put under pressure. This theory is also justified on the basis of rational and personal behavior of accountants and auditors in positive accounting research (Waymire, 2014). It is given that cause and effect relation has been us ed and provided, if accountant are given more work to make effective level of classifying, recording and summarizing task under pressure then they would tend to complete that work within the less time limit. However, they will make mistakes and errors in their work when they are doing work under pressure (Brown, et al. 2014). Now it could be suggested that this article mainly focus on the different human behavior based on the different factors and circumstances (Everett, Neu, Rahaman and Maharaj, 2015). Research questions There are several questions have been taken on which this report has been made. How positive accounting practice could be said to be different from intellectual program? What are factors which could be considered by accountant in positive accounting research? What are the models and theories which have been used in positive accounting research? What is the effect of using ontology and epistemology in positive accounting research practice in positive accounting research? Theoretical frameworks There are several theoretical frameworks which are used to increase the effectiveness of positive accounting research such as hypothetical test, ontology and epistemology frameworks. These theories have been used to evaluate the human behavior and their cause and effect relation in positive accounting practice. This research has been prepared on the basis of various models and theoretical frameworks shown in this article (Engle and Hunton, 2015). As per the views of Everett, Neu, Rahaman and Maharaj, 2015 it is provided that positive accounting research practice helps accountant and auditors to mitigate possible conflicts in their accounting practice. Ideally the main conflict between accountant and auditors arouse due to the different assumptions and theories used by them. Therefore, it is required by all the accountant and auditors to adopt standard theoretical frameworks and models in preparing and reporting of financial statements. Humans had to face several problems due to conflict of their decisions and perceptions. The theoretical frameworks have been prepared on the behavior of free will, hypothetical test and cause and effect relation theory. In the given theory, it is evaluated that if behavior of free will is followed by all the auditors and accountant then they would end up with having different conflicts between humans. In addition to this, other models and frameworks which could be used by auditors and accountan t in this article are either in Americana or international which reflects standard models for gauging human behavior. There are other several basic concepts and theories in positive accounting theories such as reciprocal behavior and behavior of free will. In this article main focus in made on Darwins theory of evaluation which reflects qualitative assessment and measurement in positive research. This Darwins theory of evaluation could be bifurcated into following several parts. The first phase of Darwins theory of evaluation is related with collecting primary and secondary qualitative data. These collected data is deployed by Auditors other stakeholders to evaluate on what basis accountant has prepared financial statement (Dyckman and Zeff, 2014). In Darwins theory of evaluation, focus is made to identify type- 1 errors (Li, 2015). It is considered that Type-1 error is not possible to avoid for accountant as per followed realistic approach. It is observed that if auditor uses realistic model then it would result into basic level of errors (Type-1 errors) (Deegan, 2017). There are other several mode ls which have been used in positive accounting research practice such as Hypothetical test and ontology and epistemology (Slater, et al. 2014). Significant of positive accounting research There are several important factors which have been reflected in this research. This research focus on the core factors and human behavior in positive accounting research. The main significance of this report is to prepare deep understanding on positive accounting research and to evaluate the implication of positive accounting research in organization. This report reflects the main factors of human behavior and systematic frameworks which could be used for preparing financial statement of organizations. This research provides that there are several conflicts and accounting issues which have been faced by auditors and accountant. These different viewpoints and assumptions have resulted due to different human behavior of accountant and auditors in their accounting frameworks. There are other rational and personal practice in positive accounting research have been evaluated which reflects the human behavior and factors which influence accountant behaviors. (Guan, 2014). This positive ac counting research has been used to analyze the possible problems and hurdles which are faced by auditors and accountant while preparing accounting and auditing functions. In the end it would be inferred that behavior of free will should be handled by each and every humans in determined approach otherwise it may result into several conflicts to humans in their decision making process. Therefore, this research has focused on identifying the vulnerability of positive accounting research and how accountant could use this practice to make their work effective. Limitation of Positive accounting research This report has been completed on the basis of data and information shown in the given article. In addition to this, researcher has taken help form other books, article and web based data to evaluate the core aspect so the article. There are several hypothetical data has been taken in this article which has no basis to justify. However, hypothetical test has been done on these data to justify its relevance and reliability. There are various models and theories which provides the tendency of humans in decision making process. There is no possible escalations have been taken if there is find any variations in assumption taken on accountant works and other required factors (Smith, 2014). Moreover, ontology and epistemology theories are completely based on believes of free will which provides that there could be different results in the same work assigned to different people due to behavior of free will. It is provided that if accountants take their decisions based on the free will then it would surely result into conflict of judgments between accountant and auditors. This article does not contain brief overview on the human tendency and reciprocal behavior which could be used to justify the hypothesis test undertaken in this article. There are other several limitations e.g. reliability of data, assumption based frameworks and behavior of free will (Bertomeu, Darrough and Xue, 2017). Conclusion This article is consisted with several theories and methodologies which provides deep understanding on ontology and epistemology of positive accounting research. There are several theories and accounting standards which have been used in this article to evaluate accountant decision making process in positive accounting research. This theories and models are used to establish harmonization in accountant and auditors functions. It is observed that there are several errors and mistakes in reporting and accounting frameworks. Hypothetical test used in this article provides that in order to complete the theoretical prospectus of accountant behavior and their decision making process there is need to come up with some hypothetical data to justify the qualitative positive accounting research. There are interchangeable factors which are used in this article to establish cause and effect relation for determine accounting process of accountant. It is also evaluated that accountant and auditors face complexity in their working process duet he behavior of free will. Therefore, in the end it could be inferred test statistic under the null hypothesis is dependent upon auxiliary assumptions which is taken as limitation of this article. It is observed that if auditors and accountant work on taking less assumption and models then there will be fewer chances of mistakes and errors in their working process. References Ahmed, A.S., Neel, M. and Wang, D., 2013. Does mandatory adoption of IFRS improve accounting quality? Preliminary evidence.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(4), pp.1344-1372. Bertomeu, J., Darrough, M. and Xue, W., 2017. Optimal conservatism with earnings manipulation.Contemporary Accounting Research,34(1), pp.252-284. Brown, P., Preiato, J. and Tarca, A., 2014. Measuring country differences in enforcement of accounting standards: An audit and enforcement proxy.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,41(1-2), pp.1-52. Deegan, C., 2017. Twenty five years of social and environmental accounting research within Critical Perspectives of Accounting: Hits, misses and ways forward.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,43, pp.65-87. Dyckman, T.R. and Zeff, S.A., 2014. Some methodological deficiencies in empirical research articles in accounting.Accounting Horizons,28(3), pp.695-712. Engle, T.J. and Hunton, J.E., 2015. Retraction: The Effects of Small Monetary Incentives on Response Quality and Rates in the Positive Confirmation of Account Receivable Balances.AUDITING: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(3), pp.201-201. Everett, J., Neu, D., Rahaman, A.S. and Maharaj, G., 2015. Praxis, Doxa and research methods: Reconsidering critical accounting.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,32, pp.37-44. Fang, J., Haw, I.M., Yu, V. and Zhang, X., 2014. Positive externality of analyst coverage upon audit services: Evidence from China.Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting Economics,21(2), pp.186-206. Guan, K., 2014. Corporate Growth, Audit Quality and Accounting Conservatism: Empirical Evidence from Public Companies in China.Journal of Accounting and Economics,5(005). Klemstine, C.F. and Maher, M.W., 2014.Management Accounting Research (RLE Accounting): A Review and Annotated Bibliography. Routledge. Li, X., 2015. Accounting conservatism and the cost of capital: An international analysis.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,42(5-6), pp.555-582. Slater, R.A., Koren, S., Ramot, Y., Buchs, A. and Rapoport, M.J., 2014. Interpreting the results of the Semmes?Weinstein monofilament test: accounting for false?positive answers in the international consensus on the diabetic foot protocol by a new model.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews,30(1), pp.77-80. Smith, M., 2014.Research methods in accounting. Sage. Waymire, G.B., 2014. Neuroscience and ultimate causation in accounting research.The Accounting Review,89(6), pp.2011-2019.

Hedy Lamarr Essay Example

Hedy Lamarr Essay Now I wish to talk about barriers that women amateurs face in working in science and technology. Lamarr is a great example of how an amateur can both overcome and be stopped by barriers. Just a little background info, Hedy Lamarr was an Austrian –American actress who was also known to be the most beautiful woman in Hollywood in her time. You might think what does she have to do with what have been said before this. Well, she was the brains who basically started it all, the spread-spectrum technology which enabled Wi-Fi and cellular networks to be available to us today! Lamarr knew about a real problem. It was during World War 2 when she thought, how can one safely control a torpedo with a radio signal? This was important, since torpedoes were not very accurate and the ability to remotely control them could be immensely valuable. The difficulty in using a radio signal to control a torpedo is essentially the problem of jamming. If you tried to control your torpedo by a signal, eventually the enemy will find out the frequency you are using. Once this is known they could jam your control signal by putting out a strong noise signal on the given frequency. Lamarr had a solution. Her brilliant idea was to use frequency hopping—her invention. Lamarr also found a co-inventor, George Antheil, who was also an avant-garde composer, who laid out a system based on 88 frequencies, corresponding to the number of keys on a piano, using perforated paper rolls which would turn in sync with one another, transmitting and receiving ever-changing frequencies, preventing interception and jamming. We will write a custom essay sample on Hedy Lamarr specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Hedy Lamarr specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Hedy Lamarr specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They then submitted the frequency hopping device to the national inventors council where they went on to file a patent application. Unfortunately, she did not succeed to release this idea to help during the war. There were other priorities faced by the US military, along with the decreasing number of resources that were being used to make other equipments and atomic bombs. Also, she isnt your usual inventor. Who would believe a Hollywood actress could help invent something useful for the war? Furthermore, she was ahead of technology. Spread-spectrum requires a fairly powerful digital computational ability. The technology that was available in 1940? s was very crude, and it is likely that it was essentially impossible to make her ideas work. BUT twenty years after its conceptualization, during the Cuban missile crisis, the first instance of large-scale military deployment of Lamarr and Antheils frequency hopping technology was implemented not for the remote-controlled guidance of torpedoes, but to provide secure communications among the ships involved in the naval blockade. Lamarr’s brilliant idea is used today in wireless communication. Not exactly as she envisioned in her original patented work, but nevertheless in ways that are clearly traceable to her ideas. Lamarr eventually got the recognition she deserved but 3 years before her death. She and her co-inventor Antheil won the 1997 Electronic Frontier Foundation Pioneer Award. She also won the BULBIE that is called the â€Å"Oscar† of inventing. Hedy Lamarr had proved to being more than just a â€Å"pretty face†. My resources: http://rjlipton. wordpress. com/2010/07/25/hedy-lamarr-the-inventor/

Scandinavian Airlines and Lufthansa Essays

Scandinavian Airlines and Lufthansa Essays Scandinavian Airlines and Lufthansa Essay Scandinavian Airlines and Lufthansa Essay Lufthansa: Going Global, but How to Manage Complexity Strayer University Business Administration Capstone – BUS 499 #004016 September 5, 2010 Describe the type of international strategy the company has chosen. An international strategy is a strategy through which the firm sells its goods or services outside its domestic market (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). Lufthansa tends to follow a transnational strategy that will help grow the company internationally and in their own country. Since the September 11 terrorist attacks airlines have been struggling to stay in business. The fear that passengers have is slowing diminishing but it is still affecting the airlines. Airlines have been forced to enforce many regulations and fees adding to their financial struggle. With any international strategy comes a risk. Lufthansa seems to have managed to survive many risks all while being one of three airlines where their debt is to the point of bankruptcy if they have not started it already. Since mergers are illegal across country boarders the response from Lufthansa was an alliance with Star Alliance (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson). Star Alliance is an alliance that is made up of a partnership amongst several airlines, in an effort to offset costs and create value. The alliance has been a constant balancing act. The alliance was done to help reduce Lufthansa’s debt but has come with many challenges in managing the alliance with Star Alliance. The plan was to increase the revenue side of Star Alliance by keeping passengers’ loyalty to fly with them. Since the late 1999, Lufthansa has been running according to the value –based management. The aim of the value-based management approach applies to all planning, steering and monitoring processes in order to achieve a purposeful, long-term and continuous increase in enterprise value in investor’ and lenders interest (Lufthansa Investor Relations). Explain what means the company has used to expand internationally The biggest move that Lufthansa has done to expand internationally and help reduce their debt and increase revenue was to join with Star Alliance. Star Alliance is a group alliance with Lufthansa and airlines like Air Canada, United and SAS Scandinavian Airlines, just to name a few. They are a good option for intercontinental business travel. The alliance helps to reduce costs by coordinated flight schedules, have common lounges and baggage handling. Lufthansa has a few more cost saving strategies in place. While it does affect their employees, they have a cost saving structure resulting from slightly lower wages, they have smaller planes adjusted to the traffic density a reduced services level, an operating base in second-tier airports, and point-to-point-services so that the on time in the air is greater for â€Å"network† airplanes (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). They have also restored antique planes. Lufthansa has some of the newest built planes in their fleet but the rebuilt airplane is for the airplane enthusiast. Enthusiasts wait months and pay C259 ($400. 00) for a bumpy hour long ride on a 1936 Junkers-52 propeller plane (Lufthansa’s Labor of Love). To ensure safety of the passengers the planes are re-built every winter. Identify and describe the elements and objectives of Lufthansa’s cooperative strategy A cooperative strategy is a strategy in which firms work together to achieve a shared objective (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). The alliance that Lufthansa has with Star Alliance is almost by definition a cooperative strategy. The airlines that are in the alliance are all working together to cut costs and develop and grow each of their own airlines. The alliance is a partnership that works for all involved to include the right to leave the alliance. Lufthansa is the leading member in the Star Alliance (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson). Lufthansa’s value-based management adds viable recognition of cooperative strategy. Lufthansa has a joint venture with Star Alliance that gives Lufthansa strength in its network in the transatlantic traffic. These networks have been used to gain the shared objectives of those in the alliance. Describe the uncertainties and challenges related to operating beyond the company’s national boundaries Having a stable airline is the key to a successful airline. If the airlines in the Star Alliance are not stable they will lose their place in the market. Many think of Lufthansa as the leader and integrator, because the biggest member, United Airlines, was preoccupied for more then three years with emerging from Chapter 11 bankruptcy procedures in the United States. With United Airlines otherwise occupied, Lufthansa was driving the revenue side thus implemented through â€Å"code sharing† leading to higher utilization of planes and infrastructure and sometimes economies of scale in purchasing and sales (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson). One of the biggest challenges that Lufthansa, actually all airlines, are dealing with is global warming. This is something that most businesses do not need to think about. Airlines claim 3 percent of carbon dioxide comes from the air traffic but because of the higher altitude of the planes they number is rapidly growing and by 2020 the emission from air traffic might increase by 20 percent (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson). Describe the potential risks of cooperative strategies The decision to be involved in a cooperative strategy is a risk in itself. You are trusting other firms to work with you in order to accomplish mutual goals of financial and organizational stability. One risk is the risk of trust. There is always a risk of one of the firms becoming involved in unethical practices for their own selfish gain. The firms have to trust that the alliance they have developed is based on productive and positive motives. The firms involved in the alliance have to be in it for the good times and bad. Another risk is the entrepreneurial risk. If any of the partners is not making available resources, that can not only bring down that company but it can bring down the value of the alliance. The purpose of the alliance was to develop services and products that would be productive to the alliance. Explain the use of organizational structure and controls to effectively support Lufthansa’s strategy. An organizational structure specifies the firm’s formal reporting relationships, procedures, controls and authority, and decision making processes and organizational controls guide the use of strategy, indicate how to compare actual results with expected results, and suggest corrective actions to take when difference is unacceptable (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). In any business organizational structure and controls are important. Organizational structure develops a chain of command making everyone involved responsible. Lufthansa is no different. Lufthansa is part of the organizational structure of Star Alliance. The formal organization has the CEO who is in charge of legal, HR/Training and finance and strategy and then the corporate office who runs commercial, products and services, loyalty marketing and information technology (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson). Lufthansa at one point had an integrated corporation and now has six business lines. The business lines are related in the area of shared products and markets and help develop their economies of scale. Their executive board is responsible for managing the company and their goal is growth and adding value. Corporate Profile, 2009) Describe what strategic leadership actions should be recommended for developing human capital at Lufthansa. Human capital refers to the knowledge and skills of a firm’s entire workforce (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). Human capital is the most important aspect in a business. Any business will essentially fail if t hey do not take time to invest time and energy into improving their employees. Lufthansa should continue to invest time in developing and training staff and the management teams to ensure that they have the highest knowledge and the best developed skills. This will not only help Lufthansa but it will help the alliance because of all the changes, additions of the partnerships and acquisitions. It is important for Lufthansa’s strategic leadership to create a positive culture for the continued training and development to build continued success. The investment of building development programs not only build knowledge and skills but it motives employees to want to learn, it can boost internal core values and morals and promotes Lufthansa vision and organizational goals. Lufthansa is operating in a very diverse area with being part of the Star Alliance. It is important for them to develop their employees to fit the needs of the alliance as well as Lufthansa. Describe what strategic leadership actions should be recommended for establishing an effective organizational culture at Lufthansa. Having a strong and positive organizational culture is important to any business. An Organizational culture consists of a complex set of ideologies, symbols, and core values that are shared throughout the firm and influence the way business is conducted (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). Lufthansa used to be known for a strong culture based on pride, the positive image of the company in Germany, its reputation for engineering excellence and ongoing training and educational activities. However, in 2001 there was a pilots strike that showed the changes within the company and the unhappiness of the employees toward the company was not as good as they thought. The management teams should make sure they are fully aware of the diversity within the segments of the business. They need to make sure they are communicating any messages, training or even promotions to fit the different cultural diversities within Lufthansa. All the employees should be involved in solutions to problems, to include the discovery of them, within their core position. It is also necessary for the leadership to make sure they are leading by example not just in working but in ethical practices. It is the leadership’s responsibility to encourage all employees on all levels to follow their lead. Improving an organization’s culture will do nothing but increase the company’s value and the opinion of its employees; from simply an employee working for a paycheck, to an employee who feels they have worth. The employees then will want to invest time and energy into the company. Describe what strategic leadership actions should be recommended for promoting an entrepreneurial mind-set at Lufthansa. Lufthansa main goal, like any other business, is to maintain financial discipline and health. Because of the crisis from 2001-2004, the gearing increased from 36 percent in 2000 to 85. 4 percent in 2005 and because of that the operating goals are dominant and Lufthansa has learned to focus its cost cutting on the cash flow impact (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2009). Lufthansa should continue to lead by allowing its acquisitions to keep their identities and brand but operate with limited control. Investing in developing their training of their staff and managers will help in maintaining that financial discipline by having well rounded and educated employees who will limit the mistakes they could be making without the knowledge and training. It is important for Lufthansa to have an entrepreneurial mindset to gain the advantage over its competitors and even for keeping the lead within Star Alliance. With Lufthansa having an entrepreneurial mindset they are showing that they are a committed business that will focus on gaining financial growth and developing more and stronger value to the business. They should be involved in strategic entrepreneurship and focus on opportunities in the external environment of the business. They should make sure that all the segments have the means to grow innovatively and reward them when success is apparent. Lufthansa is one of the world’s largest airlines with 424 aircrafts and 39,500 employees. They transport approximately 55. 5 million passengers every year; they have sales revenue of 39. 1 billion dollars and have been a member of Star Alliance since May 1997 (Lufthansa a Star Alliance Member). This all shows the current success of Lufthansa and that their entrepreneurial mind set is going in the correct and positive direction. Describe what strategic leadership actions should be recommended for reducing complexity at Lufthansa. It is important for Lufthansa to have knowledge of all the segments in the division’s internal operations. Top management must stay well versed in global economics with the fluctuating prices of oil, the competition, and increasing no-frills airlines. Because of the alliance with Star Alliance they have pushed themselves into the center of the world of complexity. It will be important for them to keep a well rounded culture by having diversity in top management to include females in top positions. The top management team must have knowledge of their European counterparts in order to stay on top. Not only will top management have to deal with the complexity but they will have to work hard to remain a part of the world’s leading airline. The top management team can be used to make strategic decisions along with CEO and ensure that the decisions are followed not by just the employees but by members of top management. Maintaining the knowledge and training that Lufthansa had developed is a must. Because of the high priced competitive market, Lufthansa’s segments will need different cost structures and support financially. They will need to monitor the acquisitions, partnership and alliances to make sure that there are no unnecessary expenses and that no one is being non-productive. References Corporate Profile (2009), Retrieved September 3, 2010 from lufthansa- cargo. com/content. jsp? path=0,1,19142,91382,99001 Hitt, M. , Ireland, D. R. Hoskisson, R. E. 2009), Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization, Concepts and Cases. Ohio: Cengage Learning. Lufthansa a Star Alliance Member (2010), Retrieved September 3, 2010 from staralliance. com/en/about/airlines/lufthansa/ Lufthansa Investor Relations (2009), Retrieved August 24, 2010 from http://investor- relations. lufthansa. com/en/fakten-zum-unternehmem/group-strategy. html Michaels, D. (2008). Lufthansa’s Labor of Love: Restoring Some Really Old Junkers, Retrieved August 25, 2010from http://online. wsj. com/article/SB121357457537975947. html? mod=hps_us_inside_today

The Women of the Qing Dynasty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Women of the Qing Dynasty - Essay Example Many women were abused verbally and physically by their in-laws and spouses. Women were expected to be obedient toward men in their birth and marriage families. Ethnic Han Chinese women belonging to the upper and middle classes would have their feet bound. This practice was implemented as a way of ensuring that their mobility is limited and they remain close to home. Besides, bound feet were also considered as a symbol of beauty and femininity particularly among the elite class. This is the reason why poor families often felt tempted to bind the feet of their daughters. They thought that doing so, their daughters would be identified with rich families and the chances of her getting married into a rich family would be optimized. The practice of foot binding was very painful as the girls had to go through a series of painful developments. First, foot binding broke their arch bones. Their feet were tied into the lotus position with a long cloth strip. Bound feet deterred these women fro m working in the fields, so the families used this practice to symbolize that they were too rich to have their daughters work in the fields. Many women painters and poets emerged during the early Qing dynasty. However, it was not until the 17th century that women were identified as professionals and their artwork’s sale was considered a respectful means of livelihood (Yuho, 1993). He Shuangqing was a famous poet of the Qing dynasty. Ropp (2002) describes her background, talents, and features in the book in these words, â€Å"He Shuangqing, style name Qiubi, came from Danyang (in the southwestern part of today’s Jiangsu Province) in the Qing dynasty. Born into a peasant family, she lived in the vicinity of Siping Shan. Very beautiful, multitalented, and a lover of literacy works, she was married in 1732 into a poor family of woodcutters surnamed Zhou† (Ropp, 2002, p. 219). Having a

Reflection5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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